Skip to content
1. Networking Basics
- Network: Two or more computers connected to share resources and communicate.
- Networking: Exchanging data between connected devices.
- Example: Connecting your laptop and smartphone to share files.
2. Network Types
- PAN (Personal Area Network): Network within 10 meters for a single user.
- Example: Bluetooth connection between phone and wireless headphones.
- LAN (Local Area Network): Network within a building or floor.
- Example: Office computers connected via Ethernet.
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Network over large geographical areas.
- Example: The Internet connecting cities worldwide.
- WLAN (Wireless LAN): Wireless LAN using Wi-Fi.
- Example: Home Wi-Fi network.
- VPN (Virtual Private Network): Secure tunnel over public networks.
- Example: Accessing company resources securely from home.
3. Network Topologies
- Bus: All devices connected to a single cable.
- Star: Devices connected to a central hub.
- Ring: Devices connected in a circular fashion.
- Mesh: Devices interconnected with many redundant connections.
- Example: Home Wi-Fi uses star topology with a router as the center.
4. Network Devices
- NIC (Network Interface Card): Hardware to connect a device to a network.
- Hub: Broadcasts data to all devices.
- Switch: Sends data only to the intended device.
- Router: Routes data between different networks.
- Modem: Converts digital signals to analog and vice versa.
- Example: A router connects your home network to the Internet.
5. Transmission Modes
- Simplex: Data flows in one direction only.
- Half Duplex: Data flows both ways but not simultaneously.
- Full Duplex: Data flows both ways simultaneously.
- Example: Walkie-talkies use half duplex; phone calls use full duplex.
6. Transmission Media
- Guided Media: Wired cables like twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic.
- Unguided Media: Wireless like radio waves, microwaves, infrared.
- Example: Fiber optic cables transmit data as light pulses for high speed.
7. IP Addressing
- IPv4: 32-bit address format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
- IPv6: 128-bit address format for more devices.
- Subnetting: Dividing a network into smaller parts.
- Example: Your home router assigns IP addresses to devices via DHCP.
8. Key Protocols
- DHCP: Automatically assigns IP addresses.
- DNS: Translates domain names to IP addresses.
- ARP: Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses.
- Example: Typing www.google.com uses DNS to find Google’s IP.
9. Network Security
- Measures to protect data and resources.
- Use of firewalls, VPNs, proxies.
- Example: VPN encrypts your data when using public Wi-Fi.
10. Practical Demonstrations
- Using Cisco Packet Tracer to simulate networks.
- Configuring DHCP servers, wireless access points.
- Example: Setting up a Wi-Fi router and connecting devices.
Views: 60
